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Dilma Rousseff Begins Second Term as Brazil President
Brazillian President Dilma Rousseff kicked off a second term vowing to tackle corruption
 and revamp the economy as her government reels under a series of setbacks.
 
We are going to rigorously investigate everything that has happened, the leftist
 Rousseff said on January 1, 2015 at a ceremony attended by the US and Chinese
Vice-Presidents as well as 13 heads of state, most from Latin America.
Rousseff won Octobers hard-fought election thanks to voters reliant on the extensive
social welfare programes put in place a decade ago by her Workers Party pre¬decessor
Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. The Petrobras scandal and the ongoing police
investigation—dubbed Operation Car Wash—erupted just a few months before the election.
Palestinian Statehood Resolution Fails at UN
The Security Council rejected a Palestinian resolution demanding an end to Israeli
occupation within three years, a blow to an Arab campaign to get the UNs most powerful
 body to take action to achieve an independent state of Palestine.
The US, Israels closest ally had made clear its opposi¬tion to the draft resolution,
insisting on a negotiated peace agreement between Israel and the Palestinians, not an
imposed timetable. It would have used its veto if neces¬sary but it didnt have to because
 the resolution failed to get the minimum nine yes votes required for adoption by
the 15-member Council. The resolution received eight yes votes, two no votes—one
from the US and the other from Australia and five abstentions.
 

 
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We voted against this resolution not because we are comfortable with the status quo.
We voted against it because... peace must come from hard compromises that occur at the
negotiating table, US ambassador Samantha Power said. She criticized the decision to
 bring the draft resolution to a vote as a staged confrontation that will not bring the
 parties closer. She added that the resolution was deeply unbalanced and didnt take
into account Israels security concerns.
Our effort was a serious effort, genuine effort, to open the door for peace, said Riyad
Mansour, the Palestinian UN ambassador. Unfortunately, the Security Council is not ready
to listen to that message. Until shortly before the vote, Council diplomats had expected
 the resolution to get nine yes votes. But Nigeria, which was believed to support the
resolution, abstained.
Pak President Signs Bill to Combat Terror on Pakistan Soil
Pakistan President Mamnoon Hussain on January 7, 2015 signed a new bill into law after both
 houses of parliament unanimously approved tough anti-terror measures, including
establishment of military-led special courts for trying terrorism related cases.
The new law covers anyone who belongs to any terrorist group or organisation and uses the
name of religion or a sect and wages war against Pakistan.
The 21st amendment to the Constitution provides constitutional cover to trial of offences
relating to terrorism by military courts, Geo TV reported.
On January 6, 2015 Pakistans Parliament approved changes in the Constitution to set up
military courts to try civilian terrorism suspects. While the bills were passed unopposed,
major political parties have expressed reser-vations over the military court which will
give sweeping powers to military judges in meting out punishment to civilians.

Change of Power in Sri Lanka : Sirisena Ousts Rajapaksa

Maithripala Sirisena was sworn in as President of Sri Lanka on January 9, 2015 after a
 stunning poll result that was unthinkable just weeks before, ending Mahinda Rajapaksas
authoritarian rule for nearly a decade.
Sirisena and his new Prime Minister Ranil Wickreme-singhe took the oath of office at
 Colombos Independence Square.
Hailing from the rice-growing   hinter¬land and the son of a Sri I ansas newly-elected
president World War-I veteran ^1a,nrPaa Sirisena takes oath in the 65-year old
farmer- Co,ombo on-January 9,2015. turned politician Sirisena proved to be more than a
match for Rajapaksa.
READING THE LANKA VERDICT
1
The poll result is likely to usher in an era of change in the island nation. A look at
the top 10 things that are likely to change
Hopes rise for devolution of power for ethnic Tamils
2First government in Sri Lanka that has decisive influence of western powers
O Chinas influence on the island nation could decrease
3 Sri Lanka s newly elected PM Ranil Wickremasinghe
8Sri Lanks to dump exec-utive presidency that gave the Rajapaksa family immense powers
9Opposition unity in elec-tion campaign may not be replicated in governance
India-Sri Lanka ties may focus more on the economic agenda
A Chinas plans for a larger â–  role in the Indian Ocean may take a hit; US plans for the
same could get a boost
5
Rajapaksas economic policy to continue
6
New president also opposed to UN probe into war crimes and cutting military presence in
the north
10!
7
Tamil elites likely to figure more in the ruling political calculus
As the poll results came, Rajapaksa conceded defeat to his former health minister who
defected in November and derailed what the strongman thought would be an easy win after
he confidently called snap polls two years ahead of schedule.
Election officials said 51-28% of votes went in favour of Sirisena while Rajapaksa got
 47-58%.
Sirisena pledged not to take revenge against political foes, abolish the executive
presidency that gave Rajapaksa unprecedented power and hold a fresh parliamentary election
 within 100 days.
Sri Lanka and India
Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated the new leader and called for genuine
reconciliation in the island nation—a rallying point for ethnic Tamils who voted heavily
in favour of the rainbow coalition under Sirisena. Many Tamils voted for Sirisena not
because they supported him but because they despised Rajapaksa.
He not only crushed the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LITE) in 2009 but also ignored
Tamil demands to heal the wounds of the fighting and years of ethnic divisions with the
 Sinhalese majority.
The results could also signal a period of better relations between India and Sri Lanka
which had tilted heavily towards China in recent years as Rajapaksa fell out with the West
 over allegations of war crimes committed at the end of a 30-year conflict with the LITE.

Sirisena had said ahead of the poll that we will revert to the old, non-aligned policy.

India is our first, main concern. But we are not against Chinese investment either. We
 will maintain good relations with China too.
 

 
PD/March/2015/24
 
Failure will never overtake me if my determination to succeed Is strong enough.
 

India has been keen to get Sri Lanka back in its fold, fearful that failing to do so
 would mean ceding a strategic spot in the Indian Ocean where China is making constant
inroads. Commercially, too, Lanka remains vital, sitting next to shipping lanes that feed
80% of Chinas and 65% of Indias oil needs.
Palestine will be ICC Member on April 1, 2015 : UN
United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon has confirmed the Palestinians will formally
 become a mem¬ber of the International Criminal Court (ICC) on April 1, 2015.
Meanwhile, the courts registrar said on January 7, 2015 that jurisdiction would date back
 to June 13, 2014.
This means the courts prosecutor could investigate the 50-day war between Israel and
 Hamas in the Gaza Strip in July and August 2014, during which more than 2,100
Palestinians, 67 Israeli soldiers and six civilians in Israel were killed.
The Hague-based court handles waf crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. It could
exercise jurisdiction over such crimes committed by anyone on Palestinian territory.
 Israel, like the United States, is not an ICC member, but its citizens could be tried
on accusations of crimes on Palestinian land.
On January 9, 2015 the Palestinians delivered to UN headquarters documents to join the
 Rome Statute of the ICC and other international treaties, in a move that has heightened
tensions with Israel and could lead to cuts in US aid.
Ban announced in a letter posted to a UN website that the Palestinians would formally
become an ICC member on April 1.
The United States said later that it does not believe Palestine is a sovereign state and
 therefore does not qualify to be part of the International Criminal Court.
China Woos Latin America with $ 250 Billion Investments
Chinese President Xi Jinping pledged on January 8, 2015 $ 250 billion in investment in
Latin America over the next 10 years as part of a drive to resource-hungary Chinas
 influence in a region long dominated by the United States.
Leaders of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, or CELAC—a 33-country
 bloc that does not include the US or Canada—gathered in Beijing for the first time for a
 two-day forum on January 8.
This meeting will... give the world a positive signal about deepening cooperation
between China and Latin America and have an important and far-reaching impact on promoting
South-South cooperation and prosperity for the world, Xi said.
 

 
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Iraq and Syria, has now reportedly extended its territories into Afghani-stan for the
first time.
According to the Afghan mili¬tary, the organisation that calls itself Islamic State of
Iraq and Syria is actively recruiting and operating across the south of the country.
 Officials say a man identified as Mullah Abdul Rauf has been claim-ing to represent ISIS
 in the region, setting up a network of followers who are inviting people to join them
across the southern Helmand pro¬vince.
But, they have clashed with the local Taliban, military sources claim, whose leaders have
 warned people to have nothing to do with Rauf. General Mahmood Khan, the deputy commander
of the armys 215 Corps, said, A number of tribal leaders, jihadi commanders and some
 ulema (religious council members) and other people have contacted to tell me that Mullah
 Rauf had invited them to join him.
Amir Mohammad Akundzada, the governor of the Nimroz province adjacent to Helmand, said
Rauf was a former Taliban commander, as well as a relative he had not seen for two decades.

Croatia Gets Its First Female President
Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic, Croatias President-elect, the Conser-vative Populist, became on
 January 12, 2015 Croatias first female President after beating the centre-left incumbent
 amid deep discontent over economic woes in European Unions newest member.
 
The conserva¬tive triumph could shift Croatia back to right-wing natio-nalism,
 jeopardis¬ing relations with its neighbours, Kolinda Grabar-including bitter Kitarovic
 Balkan wartime rival Serbia.
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Evans Paul
Evans Paul is Haitis new Prime Minister. Paul was sworn in as Prime Minister
by Haitis President Michel Martelly on January 16, 2015 amid worsening political
crisis in the country.       
However, Paul lacks the constitutional approval of parlia¬ment, whose term ended
Janaury 12 without any date being set for new elections.
Thousands of protesters took to the streets, accusing Martelly of tacitly allowing the
parliament to expire so he can rule by decreee like the countrys former dicators.
Paul, who was chosen after last months resignation of Prime Minister Laurent Lamothe,
took office during a ceremony attended by diplomats and political figures.

Richest 1% own Almost Half the Worlds Wealth
More than half the worlds wealth will be owned by just 1% of the population by next year
 as global inequality soars, anti-poverty Charif Oxfam said on January 19, 2015.
In a report released ahead of the annual meeting of the international elite at Davos in
Switzerland, Oxfam said the top tier had seen their share of wealth increase from 44% in
 2009 to 48% in 2014. On current trends it will exceed 50% in 2016.
The charitys executive director, Winnie Byanyima co-chairing the World Economic Forum
meeting in Davos, said an explosion in inequality was holding back the fight against
poverty. Do we really want to live in a world where the 1% own more than the rest of us
combined ? she said on January 19, 2015.
Business as usual for the elite isnt a cost free option. Failure to tackle inequality
will set the fight against poverty back decades. The poor are hurt twice by rising
inequality — they get a smaller share of the economic pie and because extreme inequality
 hurts growth, there is less pie to be shared around.
The richest 80 individuals in the world had the same wealth as the poorest 50% of the
entire population, some 3-5 billion people. Members of the top 1 per cent had an average
wealth of $ 2-7 million per adult.
Oxfam used data from Credit Suisse Global Wealth Datebook 2013 and 2014, and Forbes
billionaires list to compile its research.
 
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The inteUlgent want self-control; children want candy.
 

Saudi King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Passes Away
Saudi Arabias King Abdullah Abdulaziz passed away in Riyadh on January 23, 2015.
He was 90. He was replaced by Prince Bin Abdulaziz Al Saud as the absolute ruler of
worlds top oil exporter. The new king swiftly declared his half-brother Muqrin as crown
 prince and nephew Mohammed bin Nayef as deputy crown prince on January 23 itself, ending
the specu-lation of a rift in the royal family.
A
Saudi King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz (L) died on January 23, 2015 and was replaced by Prince
Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud as the absolute ruler of worlds top oil exporter.
The new kings prompt decision also comes at a time when the region is witnessing violence
 unleashed by the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS). A close ally of the United
States, deputy crown prince Mohammed bin Nayef had survived a suicide attack by al Qaeda
in 2009.
India Loses a Great Friend
King Abdullah was a great friend of India, a country he once called his second home, as
it was under his rule that the foundation for the bilateral strategic partnership was laid
and ties gained momentum.
During King Abdullahs rule, the foundation for the India-Saudi Arabia strategic
partnership was laid and bilateral ties gained momentum as reflected in the Delhi
Declaration (2006) and Riyadh Declaration (2010), Indias Ambassador to Saudi Arabia
 Hamid Ali Rao said, adding, He was a great friend of India.
He made a historic visit to India in January 2006 as the chief guest at Republic Day
celebrations and the trip opened a new chapter in the Indo-Saudi bilateral relations.
King Abdullah was the first Saudi king to visit India in 51 years.
During the visit, King Abdullah signed the Delhi Declaration, which provided a
comprehensive road map for bilateral relations.
He (King Abdullah) is definitely a great friend of India. He considered India to be very
close to his heart. The number of Indians that we have now here - 30 lakh
(the largest expatriate community here), it is all because of his policies,,
 said Indian Consul General in Jeddah B S Mubarak.

Afghanistan Unveils Its New Unity Cabinet
Afghanistans new Cabinet was unveiled on January 12, 2015 after three months of
wrangling following the election of President Ashraf Ghani and the formation of national
unity government in the wake of last years fraudmired election.
Ghani was inaugurated in September 2014 after signing a power sharing deal with his rival
 Abdullah Abdullah, but negotiations over ministerial posts brought politics to a stalemate
 and threatened to fuel Taliban insurgency.
The unity government deal was seen as saving Afghanistan from the risk of imminent civil
 war when both the candidates claimed to have won the election in a stand-off that fanned
 long-standing ethnic tensions.
Abdul Salam Rahimi, Ghanis chief of staff, read out the names of the 25 new ministers at
 an event at the presidential palace in Kabul.
Three women were named in the Cabinet, as Ministers for Higher Education, information and
culture, and womens affairs.
Allocating the ministries was fraught with difficultv due to Afghanistans ethnic
divisions.
The breakthrough comes at a sensitive time as Taliban pushes to exploit the end of NATOs
 combat mission on December 21 after 13 years of fighting.
About 17,000 US-led foreign troops will remain in Afghanistan this year, focusing on
training the Afghan security forces and conducting a limited counter-terrorisir.
mission.
Italys President Giorgio Napolitano Resigns
Italys veteran President Giorgio Napolitano resigned on January 14, 2015. His resignation
sets the stage for the elector, of a new head of state, a thorny process which could prove
 a headache for the current regime.
The 89-year old had announced in December 2014 that he would be leaving office well before
the end of his term in 2020 because of his advancing age.
 
Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi paid tribute to the President, telling the European
Parliament on January 13, that Napolitano had been a man driven by the desire to reform.

JEAN RAVEL0NARIV0
Is new Prime Minister of Madagascar
Ravelonarivo replaces Roger Kolo, who resigned earlier this month alongwith the entire
government, creating concerns about the political stability of Madagascar.
Madagascars president has named a new Prime Minister after months of widespread discontent
 at the performance of his government.
Before being declared as the Prime Minister, Ravelonarivo was appointed to the position of
 air commodore in the previous month.
Madagascar returned to democratic rule after elections at the end of 2012. For five years
previously the island had been run by a transitional government following a coup detat in
 2009

After Iraq and Syria, ISIS Advances to Afghanistan
ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria), the militant group that claims to have established
 a Caliphate acre
 
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